Tuesday, February 28, 2012

The Price Of Returning Empty Handed


One of my readers wrote to me that their family had just discovered, after a mother's passing, of a child she'd given up long ago. This, of course, tossed them into even more turmoil amidst their grief. 

I suggested that she get her hands on the book by Ann Fessler, entitled: "The Girls Who Went Away." It is the hidden history of women/teens who surrendered children for adoption in the decades before Roe v. Wade. And Ann Fessler's private account of her own adoption.


When I ordered this book a few years ago, I didn't know why I felt so compelled to do so. It was not my story. But I'd hoped, though my birth story was much different, that it might help me understand my mother, who is still a stranger to me.

Last night, I took the book to bed with me and opened it up again. It only took a few pages for me to be pulled in completely by the stories of these young girls and women who'd felt forced to give up their babies. Their words, years down the road, are heart-wrenching. Their pain, raw and festering.


You see, I had my own baby in my teens in the year just after Roe v. Wade was passed. I was offered the option of abortion in early 1974. I was told to go home and sleep on my decision. My dreams that night were frantic. I awoke thinking I'd already given my baby away. I called and told them I couldn't do it. 

But the years preceding Roe v. Wade was a much different era, although I too was made to feel shame for my "predicament."


This morning, upon awakening, something hit me. I don't know why I didn't think of it before now. 

I have only gone to a few funerals in my adult life. But I went to a relative's funeral when I was about six months pregnant. The stares from others I averted my eyes from, and looked at the ground instead of the faces.

What was even worse were the ones who wouldn't look at me at all. As though, by not meeting my eyes, they could pretend I did not exist. 

I was accustomed to this. I grew up with it. My mother had shamed the family in other ways, and I was her child. So I had spent my whole life knowing people did not look at me because they didn't want to acknowledge my existence. 

Except, sadly, back then I didn't know the reason. Or what sin I was paying for.


You carry this tiny being inside of you, knowing it is growing every day toward it's eventual separation from you. That it will be its own person. 

You feel it kick, move like a wave across your belly. You reach down and caress it through your tightened skin. 

After having become a mother, I can't imagine how these other young girls, forced to give up their babies, managed to go on. It must have tainted their souls forever. Going home empty handed. That was the cruelest part of all.


Back then, we lived in a world that was sharply divisive in regards to gender. The girl that got pregnant was a tramp. The boy that got her pregnant was, if anything, merely a scamp. A mischievous boy.

Boys' mothers turned on the girls. They told them they were trying to ruin their sons' lives. And then often shunned them. I guess the fact that that child was their grandchild didn't enter into their judgment of her. 


So the girl suffered the stares, the whispers, and could not stop the burgeoning belly that told everyone she was with child and had no ring on her finger. She felt alone and in isolation.

If she had an understanding and loving support system, she kept her child. And usually eventually married. 

If she did not, she became one of the "girls who went away" with that child in her body. And came home without it. She was told she would get over it. You will have more children and forget about this one, was the common refrain.


But you and I both, as human beings, know that that did not happen. We know that.

It was unfair, and quite literally, cruel.

She was given safe haven for the duration of her pregnancy, but at a bitter cost. With scars that would fade but never heal. 


And she went back to her life, feeling barren and misunderstood. Bereft of the child she might have been allowed to hold for just a bit. As she tried to memorize its features, its fingers and hands and feet and toes. Hoping those few moments would somehow last her a lifetime.


It is vastly different now. Girls have babies without marrying all the time. Movie stars do it. Famous singers do it. Girls can now walk around with tight shirts showing their growing bellies for all to see. And the judgment, I suppose, has somehow faded with the times. 

These girls, they don't know what it was like for "the girls who went away."

For they are now given far more choices with their own bodies. As I said, it was then, and is now, another era altogether.

If you are one of the women who gave their child up for adoption and have not found closure, or you know someone else who still suffers, I strongly urge you to read this book.

The personal accounts, in these girls' own words, is something that will stay with you for a very long time.

46 comments:

GirlRural.com said...

I think I would read the book just to understand. Very thoughtful post!

♥ Sonny ♥ said...

you write straight from your heart.. Maybe thats exactly what you should do and what you should name what I believe would be a best seller..
Straight From The Heart by Brenda.
Keep it real and write it honestly. You may be very surprised what it will do for your life and the lives of others.

Happy Tuesday
Sonny

From the Kitchen said...

I cannot imagine what it was like for young women before Roe v Wade. Thank you for sharing your story. I feel that it will be meaningful to so many and spur them to keep fighting for the right to do what is correct for them.

Best,
Bonnie

Sam said...

Brenda,
I read your blog everyday, and although I have no desire myself to have a family, this post really moved me. I'm sure your words and honesty will be of comfort to many people.

You write beautifully.

Samxx

Susan said...

This was beautifully written, and if a child is taken from a young mother against her will, that is wrong. BUT, many children born to women who gave them up for adoption blessed their children with more than they could give them. Many childless couples were able to have a family, always thankful to that mother for giving up her child. In my eyes, to have an abortion is an abomination. If you are pregnant and don't want your child then give to someone who can give the child a warm and loving home. I understand what you are saying Brenda, but I'm a child of adoption, and glad of it. Who knows what my life would have been like, if I had been brought up in a home that really didn't and couldn't take care of me. Everyone has heartache, and yes it would be the most difficult thing a woman would have to do, but abstinence solves that problem. Morality should not be thrown out the window in this scenario.

Jackie said...

I loved this post because I have known so many women/girls who have had abortions or given up babies for adoption or they themselves were adopted. I will definitely pick up this book. Your writing is beautiful and inspirational.

Thank You!
Jackie

kathy b said...

WoW. SOunds like a wonderful amazing book .
Love your blog.

Susanne said...

I have joined on the band wagon agreeing 100% that you, Brenda dear, are indeed a very talented woman and should seriously consider writing a book. You have a mastery of putting down words that not only can bring us to tears, but make us realize that for the most part, and for all our differences, we are not so different after all. Here lately I see myself mirrored in a lot of your posts. This one in particular hit home. I never knew my father and was raised by an abusive step-father. For many years my mother and I were estranged and just recently after the death of this man (in August) I got back with my mother. She for one acts like nothing ever happened. I on the other hand realize that she is now 81 years old and too old to change her spots. The fact that she never married my father is an unspoken conversation that hangs heavy in the air when I am with her. I think she owes me some sort of details of him so I don't spend my entire life in limbo, wondering. I know in the scheme of things that she is nearing the end of her life and so time is running out. I guess I should just break down and simply ask her. Sometimes I think I should write a book myself.
Susanne :)

Beth said...

i've never been in these situations or position. but i feel sad that others can not just keep their thoughts to themselves & let others live their lives. why do people judge. when they truly have no clue what is going on in the ones life. we all have our own path. i sure hope the people in you life that were mean & would not look or even speak to you were small minded & not worth you time or energy. so sad. in our lives we have to make the choices that are right for us when & where it feels right. you can't listen to any one else... you have to do what is right for you. not worrying what others think or do. & the world keeps turning & each day we do what is right for us. (:

Journey said...

I have this book on my Nook and have yet to read it. Your post is amazing. And I agree with Sonny - you truly have a gift!!

Andi's English Attic said...

A friend who grew up during WWII tells me her aunt had a baby by an American soldier who was posted over in England. She was forced to put her baby up for adoption and then she was committed to a mental hospital where she stayed for the rest of her life. As you say, it's the women who were blamed and shamed while 'boys will be boys'.

jeanette from everton terrace said...

Well said. I imagine so many young women have no idea what it was like "back then". Shame is a terrible thing. The double standard part with the boys vs. the girls bugs me to no end.
I think the wonderful thing is now there is a choice, it's okay to keep your child and it's okay to pursue adoption. There are so many loving people willing to adopt. The most important thing is whatever is best for the child.
I have a story near this topic and someday, if we sit down for a cup of tea, I'll share it with you :)

Poppy said...

Brenda,

I have said it before and I'm saying it again, you should be writing a book. Or perhaps having your blog postings hardbound after a certain time period? You have a gift dear lady!

Warm wishes from Kansas!

Sonia said...

Great post...as an OBGYN nurse I have seen almost every scenario you so eloquently write about! My heart goes out to those who go home empty handed! I counsel young women to really be sure of their decisions as they will affect them the rest of their and their child's life and to follow their heart. You have to be able to spend the rest of your life living with the decision. I pray for those who didn't get to make the decision they wanted to find healing and peace.
Miss Bloomers

Karen said...

HI Brenda, truthful words, well spoken. My Aunt was one of those girls who went away to a Catholic Convent, back in the early 50's. It was the big family secret and she never admitted it to anyone. But my Mother knew, as she was the sister closest in age.

Thank goodness women are not forced into things like that anymore. If men were the ones to have to give birth, can you imagine how different the world would be?

Every woman has a different story. Anyone who judges is not qualified.

Woman have been forced to bear the burden of judgement for centuries. Now it is changing and many people are threatened. Look at how the poor women in other countries are persecuted with very little rights to their own lives. Can you imagine wearing a black shroud and never being able to go out without being accompanied by a man, being forced into marriage and bearing children with no choice?

For many women around the world we are still in the dark ages. This country in many ways holds on to the old judgements. It's time to let it go. Women need to make the choices for their own lives. Nobody knows the circumstances.

Thank you Brenda for bringing this to light. A very important issue.

Perfectly Printed said...

My parents adopted me when I was three days old. They had tried for 9 years to have a baby and couldn't. This was an era where there wasn't much the medical world could do for people who couldn't conceive. My parents told everyone they ran into that they were looking to adopt. Their dream came true because someone my dad worked with knew someone, who knew someone... I can't imagine what my life would have been like if my birth mother had not made the choice she made. She was only 15 when I was born in 1957. Her family would have it no other way. I am sure it was a difficult decision but I think the right one.
At the time I was adopted my birth father had not been told. I don't know if he ever knew or not. It was a private adoption and I have my birth mothers name. I am not sure I really want to meet her, maybe just to see what she looks like. I have done some internet searching and can't find her. Maybe that's the way it is supposed to be.

chris

Sharon said...

Brenda I was given up for adoption in the 40's, a time when it was just unheard of to have a child out of wedlock. Well, my Mother was married, on her husband was in France, fighting the war. She got pregnant by his brother! I was the 4th girl, of 4 girls.
When I was 23, my adoptive Mother sat down and told me where I came from and who my Mother was. I contacted her soon after, and met my 3 sisters.

My birth Mother suffered forever after signing the adoption papers. You see, I was born on the 12th of the month, and her birthday was the next day. She signed the adoption papers on the 13th.
My sisters told me how Mother suffered and cried the day before her birthday, every year.
Our reuniting was a blessing for her and a release of guilt, shame, and fear. She could see I was raised well and happy.

More to this story that I will post on my blog someday. I have posted pictures of my birth mom and will tell a story someday as there is so much more.

Connie said...

Dear Brenda,
I had a sister that went through this in the 40's. She kept her baby and he was raised in our home. She never was truly happy - we lived in a very small town which didn't help matters. People were so cruel than and she experieced just what you wrote above.
Please consider writing a book. You have been Blessed with a talent for writing. This could definitely be your anwer to your finances. Pour out your heart on paper and let others feel and share your thoughts/feelings. You could have a career writing from home.
Love you,
Connie
FL/IN

Dayle Allen Shockley said...

I don't know how mothers can give up their babies for adoption, but thank God there are those who do that instead of aborting them, else I would not be a mother today.

My gorgeous daughter is grown now, and is more than I could have ever wished for as a mother. She met her birth mother when she was 19 and chose not to continue a relationship. It answered her curiousity (and every child should have that privilege), but she made her choice, as did her birth mother years ago. I supported whatever decision she wanted to make. She said she is where she was meant to be.

Our daughter understands that she is not someone's "mistake," but instead, she is someone's answer to prayer, as are all adopted children.

sangeeta said...

You know Brenda..you are such an inspiring person, a fighter and a torch bearer at the same time. God bless.
Keep doing all the good work. I read all your posts and admire the way you write and share and keep that candle lightened up. Love.

Amber said...

Hi, Brenda!

My first initial thought while reading this post was "Wow!" It is so eloquently written. I would have to concur with everyone here that you SHOULD write a book!

My second thought went back a couple of years ago when my mom told me my grandmother (her mother) had a child out of wedlock at 16 back in the 1940s. Her family didn't turn away from her, but the church did. As soon as they found out about it, they banished her from the church. When that happened, her family left the church, too. Yeah, like I'm sure NO ONE in that church ever made a mistake. They were "perfect." Yeah, right!

My last thought was of a young girl who became pregnant and had never had relations with a man. She was engaged, but when her fiance found out she was pregnant, and knowing he had never touched her, he wanted to turn away from her. But then, someone came along and told him his fiancee was chosen to carry this child, and that he had been chosen, too, to raise and nurture it. Of course being what the times were, there was scandal and townspeople thought the man was crazy for taking this pregnant young girl, who was obviously a "whore" in their minds, and married her. When the child was born, they named Him Jesus.

I imagine Mary had to put up with the whispers and the looks, but if she had the option back then of an abortion, then what would have happened to the rest of the world?

Perhaps this might not be something you'd want to read being you have been through so much yourself, but I am so, so glad you are here, no matter the circumstances of which got you here. You're my friend, and had it not been for adoption (not sure the details here), I wouldn't have gotten to know you. Therefore, I'm grateful!

Okay, I'm welling up now and I have classes. You take care!

((huge hugz))

- Amber

Loui♥ said...

Dear Brenda~
this is such a touching, beautifully written post!
You've read my post on this very subject!
I concur with the others..
YOU should be writing a book.. which would garner you much needed financial resources.
Your gift of writing touches one's heart on so many levels.. while peeling away each layer of YOU, revealing the unhealed wounds you've suffered for so many years..but now that have been brought into the open air, can begin to properly heal.
please seriously consider this option. Personally, in my honest opinion,I feel in writing this book..you would be freeing yourself from the demons keeping you in your unintentional, yet self imposed prison.
I and so many others out there are rallying for you, cheering you to success!
much love always.. Loui♥

Amy said...

I'm the mom to two children who had birthmoms who were courageous enough to choose life. While I cannot imagine their pain I pray they know they gave someone else a gift that is priceless.
Romans 8:15 So you should not be cowering, fearful slaves. You should behave instead like God's very own children, adopted into his family--calling him, "Father, dear Father."
I have no idea what your faith is but I encourage you to find a Bible-believing church where people are loved because God values them. A relationship with Jesus will not fix all of your problems but it will make your life more meaningful. And living in community with other broken people can be comforting.
Blessings!

Grandma Barb's This and That said...

Brenda, I am one of those women who didn't go home empty handed and I am so glad I didn't. This was back in the 60's when it was shameful to be seen pregnant when you weren't married. I didn't have to go to into seclusion as I had a wonderful friend who let me live with her. My family was supported and I decided to keep my beautiful daughter. Every situation is different and every mother wants to do what is best for their child. Sometimes adoption is the best answer. But I can't imagine the pain that they go through.

Muddy Boot Dreams said...

My Aunt was raised as my Grandmother's sister...she didn't find out until late in her adulthood that the woman she thought was her sister, was in fact her Mother.

We should be thankful that it's not that kind of stigma now a days...

What a heartbreak for those woman.

Jen @ Muddy Boot Dreams

Debby said...

What emotions show through your words. Apoptees and adoptive mothers DO appreciate those mothers. They get it that these mothers did the most wonderful thing but making a choice for their child. BUT back then, as to the time you speak, things were so hard on that mother. I had a friend that her mother married. She did fine but I remember how hard it was that she didn't have a dad and a mom that wasn't married.
I have a friend that was raped by her step father. She had a child when she was 16. Her mother disowned her when she told her that it was her step fathers. She didn't believe her and didn't want to hear it. (Later that step father went to prison but her own mom never said she was sorry) She carried that baby to term and let a couple from her church adopt her. ( She once saw them in church holding that baby. ) When she had the baby the doctor told her that she should get her life together. Isn't that just awful. She always checked on her child from afar. When her daughter was older the daughter found her.....and you aren't going to believe this but is mad at her for giving her up for adoption. She was raped and 16 and had no one to support her. This friend is remarkable. She volunteers for Heart Beats and tells her story openingly. She is a Christian and a wonderful person. So many storied out there.
I am an adoptive mother but my child was taken from his parents.

Lynn said...

Brenda, Suzanne wrote that lately more and more she seems to see herself in your posts. I agree with so many others, that your writing if straight from your heart and touches many others deeply. In fact, while I am not adopted, I never had a mother/daughter relationship and it was only at my mother's funeral as I was giving her eulogy that the Lord gave me total forgiveness of my mother for not being able to show me what I believe was in her heart in some measure, love for me, her only child. Your post touched me so much, I am going to post about my mom on my blog this week. Brenda, I also believe the Lord is showing you all the beautiful gifts you have in you, your gift of creative beautiful, uplifting pillows, your heartfelt writing among the two recent posts where your gifts are so obvious to all of us. Also, I recently mentioned I was working on a second blog, still am, but it is not coming together as I want it, so it's still on the back burner for awhile, but Wildflowers and country roads is still a huge part of my life. Blessings Brenda, have a beautiful day and week.

ance mist said...

Many a young woman, pregnant and single and frightened, chooses abortion, not knowing there are millions of sterile couples who would be ever grateful and feel very blessed if given the oportunity to give her unborn baby a wonderful home. Sometimes, these young girls don't even know that an abortion kills a baby! Let us all be aware of these facts and help those who need such information find adoption help in their time of turmoil when they are feeling so helpless and alone. Love is waiting for them and their babies.

Bonnie said...

I must depart from all of these happy comments about how wonderful life is since "Roe Vs. Wade". I have a mother and grandmother who gave up babies and I know their pain as they shared it with me as I became an adult. I also have several friends from college (I went to college in the late 70's) who had abortions. I can tell you that the friends who had the abortions have suffered with more regret. Let us not forget that they, too, "went home empty-handed" from their choice.

susie @ persimmon moon cottage said...

I can only speak from the experience of being a mom of two children. We adopted them. I am so thankful that their mothers chose to give birth and then made the decision for adoption. I am grateful to those two women every day. I believe many young girls choose abortion because some in society seem to look down on them if they choose adoption instead of trying to raise the child themselves. People use phrases like "she gave that baby away" as if it were a kitten or puppy. Women who opt for adoption are not giving away children, they are trying to provide for them in ways that they do not feel that they have the means to. I am sure all adoptive parents are thankful to those brave women who chose adoption. Every birthday, holiday,and each time I think of my little grandson a prayer of thanks to my children's birth mothers comes into my heart. I want every woman who made the heart rending choice of adoption to know that there are adoptive parents who forever hold you in their hearts and prayers. It is a good thing that young women are not shamed, shunned or sent away as they were in the past. Now at least they, in many cases, are allowed to be the decision makers. and what difficult decisions they must make.

Lisa~A Cottage To Me said...

Another well written post that many can relate to in one way or another. There may be those women that we know that struggle with depression issues in their lives that seem to be unexplainable quite possibly if from that era, are dealing with this. You may never know the reasons a loved one is suffering. I believe they have it so deeply buried from the shame they had to endure, that more women then we know or would believe are dealing with this pain. A must read for all women! I agree with most of your readers Brenda a book written by you would do well! Bless you for your candidness on many subjects we women can all relate to!

Quilting "b" said...

Beautiful, simply beautiful. Thankyou I was very young when I had my first child. I had 3 children by the time I was 21 years old. I married the father but I still know the shame that was attached to it. That marriage lasted 15 very long and painful years. I was a good girl and very shy. My life would of been very different if there has of been support there for me from family and friends. thank you for a wonderful post.

Linda @ A La Carte said...

So much sadness! I am lucky that did not happen to me but I feel so much for those who did give up their babies.

Lisa said...

My sister had her first child at 14. My parents debated what to do but ultimately made it her decision as what to do, SHE had to live with it. His father was only 15. He grew up with his parents living apart with their own mothers. His grandmothers are who he really depended on. His parents grew up and took him with them, he has spent many years with his father having primary custody. He was happier as grandma's boy. And he has resentment towards his siblings, he has 5 total now. I was more upset that my sister lost herr childhood than anything. She didn't really. She was allowed to be a teen with a free babysitter. We all make different decisions and I am glad the decisions are there. Having that one made for you, would be the worst life you could live.
Thank you for sharing this book. I know it will be useful to many.
Hugs, Lisa

Leslie said...

Although I'm sure it's very difficult, it's also very courageous when a woman gives up her baby when she knows she can't give him/her a good home. That's the most unselfish and loving thing one can do!! After trying for years to have a child of our own and trusting in God during this difficult waiting time, I feel even more respect for those women who decide against abortion and their own selfish desires for the good of their baby!!! This is a subject I feel passionate about. Brenda, I really hope and pray that God will give you peace in your situation, though I don't know what it entails. He is the only one who can help fill that void.
Blessings,
Leslie

Reena Walkling said...

Yes, I grew up in a time when girls were shunned being pregnant in high school. How times have changed! A great post today!

Charlene said...

I never heard of this book. But, Brenda what a sweet & thought provoking post. I too got pregnant out of wedlock. But, I was a lucky one... my hubby (20 & just back from Vietnam) & I (16 & still in high school) got married & are still together today. Was it easy? NO! Was I lucky? I think so. We never know what life will throw at us & we each must make hard choices. But, today it is easier I think. Thanks for sharing.
Charlene

Donna said...

Your post is very moving and thought-provoking, and brings back some painful memories for me. I had a son at 16 years old in 1969. My parents told me they were disgraced and his mother acted exactly like you describe. Ugh!

Today, my son is my only child and the joy of my life. He's smart, very funny and has given me a D-I-L and two beautiful grandsons. I also had an abortion about four years after he was born. It seemed like a good idea at the time but I regret it now because I think completely differently than I did back then.

Okay, now I'm on to have happier thoughts for the day and I wish you a fabulous day too!
D~~~~

Twinkle Terrior said...

You are such a gifted writer! What a great post - I'm glad that the world we live today does not put young girls through that! Hugs- oxox

Nancy said...

You dear Brenda..Have a beautiful soul..Yes, I too think that you are a natural writer..Thank you for all of the kind and compassionate thoughts that you share with us in this sometimes cruel and uncaring world..And also I do remember those days when girls disappeared for a while and the whispers and nasty talk behind their backs when they returned.."Let He Who Is Without Sin..Cast The First Stone"..Hugs

Bonnie said...

Go to lovefraud.com and read about how to cope with all that you have been through

PrisSharp said...

“It is the child welfare establishment that has provided the picture of ‘birthmothers’ as indifferent — as mothers who abandon their unwanted children with a wish to remain forever hidden from them. They know that this is seldom true, but it helps to facilitate their work for the public to believe this. Society does not dismiss the importance of the natural family as readily as the social planners, and so it is useful to portray relinquishing parents as different from caring parents.
“The ‘birthmother’ must be different, an aberration; for if it were true that she had the same degree of love for her child as all other mothers, the good of adoption would be overwhelmed by the tragedy of it. adopters are presumably somewhat relieved of guilt if they can be assured that the natural parents truly did not want their child; for, under those circumstances, it is possible to feel entitled to claim the child of others. Neither society nor the mother who holds the child in her arms wants to confront the agony of the mother from whose arms that same child was taken.” – From a speech by Margaret McDonald Lawrence to the American Adoption Congress in Washington D.C at the first National AAC Conference on May 4, 1979.
Anyone who still thinks we mothers of loss to adoption made a "courageous decision" to give up our babies need a slap of reality. The truth is there was no "decision". Everything was decided by others for us. We went where we were told to go; we did what we were told to do; we signed what was put in front of us. We were drugged and manipulated, emotionally and physically. If we refused to sign, the court declared us incompetent and our babies were taken anyway. This is the reality of adoption 1940-1975 and even sometimes to the present. No help, no home, no money, no support + the adoptoraptors wanted womb-fresh infants = no choice!
And then we were told to go away in shame and secrecy and never speak about it. "Don't tell anyone what you've done," I was told, "especially not a potential husband, because no *decent* man will want to have anything to do with you."
And the final blow was being threatened with criminal prosecution if we ever tried to find our babies.
Today I look at my great-granddaughter's picture. I have no doubt she is the "spitting image" of her grand-aunt, the child I lost to adoption in 1964. How can you honestly, in your heart of hearts, believe I would have willingly, deliberately made a "choice" to let her go to strangers?
Priscilla Stone Sharp
Search Angel/Adoptee Rights Advocate
Mothers of Loss (to Adoption) on Facebook

Justice for Mother and Child said...

Mothers did not "give up their babies" their babies were stolen from their body. Saying that they "gave up their babies" is victim blaming. Would you blame a rape victim for being raped?

Justice for Mother and Child said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
Justice for Mother and Child said...

The Australian Government has recently acknowledged that these were criminal acts and that these criminal acts against young first time mothers also occurred in Canada, the USA and the UK. They also stated that this did NOT occur because of "social mores."

Princess Aurora's momma said...

I wish I had read this book about 9 years ago.